CAE Writing Text Types

Paragraph headings (contribution)

• Has to catch and hold readers’ attention – so needs interesting opening and effective ending.
• Use direct questions.
• Try to personalise it.
• Register depends on target reader but usually informal – neutral.

• Has to stand out from other pieces on the specified topic – so needs a striking opening and memorable ending.
• Register depends on target reader but usually informal – neutral.

Paragraph headings

• Clear introduction explaining the reason for the report
• Very clear language describing something precisely
• Objective / impersonal style.
• Neutral to formal register depending on target reader.
• Clear conclusion, usually a recommendation.

Paragraph headings

• Clear introduction explaining reason for writing.
• Very clear language, persuasive language, recommendations / suggestions.
• Objective / impersonal style.
• Neutral to formal register depending on target reader.
• Argument backed up by crystal clear reasons.

• Neutral – formal register
• Academic piece of writing
• Examine both sides of an argument in a clearly organised structure.
• Likely to come to a definite conclusion.

Paragraph headings

• Neutral – formal register
• Clear language explaining rules and regulations for example.
• Distinct paragraphs about different subjects, no links between paragraphs.

• Early statement of the subject of the review (film, book, website etc.)
• Some factual information about the subject.
• More of the content should be devoted to the writer’s opinions on the subject.
• Writer’s opinion supported by examples related to subject.

Dear sir / madam – yours faithfully

Dear Mr. Smith – yours sincerely

• Clear opening paragraph giving reason for writing.
• Language that persuades by giving reasons supported by examples.